New Calculators

Calculate the rotational kinetic energy (E = ½Iω²) stored in a flywheel in joules from its moment of inertia and angular velocity.

Convert a horizontal field of view to the vertical FOV for any aspect ratio with Vfov = 2 × arctan(tan(Hfov/2) / aspect ratio).

Calculate the freezing point depression (ΔTf = i·Kf·m) of a solution from the van 't Hoff factor, the cryoscopic constant, and the molality.

Convert a frequency in hertz to its period (T = 1/f) in seconds and angular frequency (2πf) in radians per second.

Calculate the friction force (F = μN) in newtons from the coefficient of friction and the normal force pressing two surfaces together.

Calculate g-force from an acceleration in m/s² by dividing by standard gravity (g₀ = 9.80665 m/s²) to express it as a multiple of Earth's gravity.

Calculate the probability of pulling at least one rare item in N gacha pulls with P(at least one) = 1 − (1 − p)ⁿ from a per-pull drop rate.

Calculate the gear ratio (driven ÷ driver teeth) of a gear pair and the resulting output shaft speed in rpm from the input speed.

Calculate the geometric distribution probability that the first success occurs on trial k — P(X = k) = (1 − p)^(k − 1) × p.

Calculate the geometric mean (G = √(a · b)) of two positive values and compare it with their arithmetic mean.

Calculate the change in Gibbs free energy (ΔG = ΔH − T·ΔS) in joules per mole from a reaction's enthalpy change, temperature, and entropy change.

Split a total length into a longer and shorter part in the golden ratio φ ≈ 1.618, so that the longer part divided by the shorter part equals phi.

Calculate the gravitational force (F = G·m₁·m₂/r²) in newtons between two masses from their masses and the distance between their centres.

Calculate the remaining quantity of a decaying substance, N = N₀ × (½)^(t / t½), and the percentage still present from the initial amount, half-life, and elapsed time.

Calculate the Hardy-Weinberg genotype frequencies (p², 2pq, q²) from the dominant allele frequency p, with q = 1 − p, for a population in equilibrium.

Calculate the harmonic mean (H = 2ab / (a + b)) of two positive values and compare it with their arithmetic mean.

Calculate the great-circle (as-the-crow-flies) distance between two points on Earth from their latitude and longitude — the haversine formula with the mean Earth radius (6371 km), in kilometres and miles.

Calculate the heat capacity C = Q / ΔT in J/K from the heat energy added and the temperature change of a whole object.

Calculate the steady-state rate of conductive heat transfer through a wall or insulation layer with Fourier's law (Q = k·A·ΔT/d), in watts.

Calculate the NWS "feels-like" heat index from air temperature (°F) and relative humidity (%) using the full Rothfusz regression — and see the result in both °F and °C.

Calculate the pH of a buffer solution with the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation (pH = pKa + log₁₀([A⁻]/[HA])) from the pKa and the base and acid concentrations.

Calculate the area of a triangle from its three side lengths using Heron's formula, plus the perimeter — no height or angles needed.

Calculate the area, perimeter, apothem, and diagonals of a regular hexagon from its side length — area = (3√3/2)s², perimeter = 6s, apothem = (√3/2)s, long diagonal = 2s, short diagonal = √3·s.

Calculate the volume, cross-sectional area, and surface area of a regular hexagonal prism from its side length and length — volume = (3√3/2)·s²·L.

Calculate the distance to a receding galaxy with Hubble's law (d = v / H₀) in megaparsecs and millions of light-years from its recession velocity.

Calculate the Canadian humidex "feels-like" index from the air temperature (°C) and dew point (°C) — humidex = T + 0.5555·(e − 10), with e from the vapour-pressure formula.

Calculate the hydrostatic pressure (P = ρgh) in pascals and kilopascals from a fluid's density and depth.

Solve the ideal gas law PV = nRT for the amount of substance n = (P × V) / (R × T) in moles from the pressure, volume, and temperature of a gas.

Calculate the average impact force of a collision from the work–energy principle — force = ½mv² / stopping distance — plus the kinetic energy and equivalent g-force.

Calculate the magnitude of a series RLC impedance (|Z| = √(R² + X²)) in ohms from a resistance and a net reactance.

Calculate the inductive reactance (Xl = 2π × f × L) in ohms of a coil or inductor from its inductance and the AC signal frequency in hertz.

Calculate the initial compass bearing (forward azimuth) from one point on Earth to another from their latitude and longitude — the direction in degrees (0° = North, 90° = East, 180° = South, 270° = West) you would set off in.

Calculate how the intensity of a point source (light, sound, radiation) falls with distance — I₂ = I₁·(d₁/d₂)². Doubling the distance quarters the intensity.

Calculate the area, height, perimeter, base angle, and apex angle of an isosceles triangle from its base and equal-side leg — area = ½ × base × height.

Calculate your kill/death ratio (K/D = kills ÷ deaths) from your kills and deaths, with a worked example and how to read the result.

Calculate the area of a kite from its two diagonals — area = ½ × p × q.

Calculate the latent heat (Q = m·L) in joules and kilojoules absorbed or released during a phase change from the mass and specific latent heat.

Find the third side of a triangle from two sides and the included angle using the law of cosines: c = √(a² + b² − 2ab·cos(C)).

Find an unknown side of a triangle with the law of sines: enter a side, its opposite angle, and a second angle to get b = a · sin(B) / sin(A).

Calculate the series current-limiting resistor for an LED (R = (Vs − Vf) / I) in ohms and the power it must dissipate from the supply voltage, forward voltage, and current.

Apply the law of the lever to find the effort force (effort = load × loadArm ÷ effortArm) in newtons and the mechanical advantage of a lever.

Find the equation of a straight line through two points in slope-intercept form y = m·x + b — the slope and the y-intercept, computed instantly.

Estimate the value y at any point x on the straight line between two known points (x1, y1) and (x2, y2) using the linear interpolation formula.

Solve a 2×2 system of linear equations by Cramer's rule. Enter the six coefficients and get x and y instantly, with the determinant shown.

Calculate the logarithm of any number to any base with log_b(x) = ln(x) / ln(b), plus the natural logarithm ln(x).

Calculate the Lorentz factor (γ = 1 / √(1 − (v/c)²)) of special relativity from a speed, plus that speed as a percentage of the speed of light.

Calculate the Lorentz force (F = qvB) on a charge moving perpendicular to a magnetic field, in newtons, from the charge, velocity, and field strength.

Calculate the luminosity of a star (L = 4πR²σT⁴) in watts and in solar luminosities from its radius and surface temperature.

Convert illuminance in lux to total luminous flux in lumens over an area (lumens = lux × area), for sizing lights and checking lighting levels.

Calculate the Mach number (M = v / a) of an object from its speed and the local speed of sound — find out if motion is subsonic, sonic, supersonic, or hypersonic.